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Dutch artillery and engineer officer Manno Baron van Coehorn (1641-1704) developed this type of small portable mortar that was used at the siege of Grave, Netherlands in 1674. The small mortars consisted of a very short bronze tube with a smaller diameter powder chamber at the breech end. The powder chamber better contained the explosive force when the gunpowder was ignited and allowed for the use of smaller powder charges to propel the explosive shell. The mortar tube was mounted on a block of wood at a fixed 45-degree angle with a maximum range of approximately 800 yards. This Coehorn weighs a total of 180 pounds and could be moved by two men. Mortars were used primarily for siege operations against enemy forts and entrenchments where their angle fire carried shells over walls or into trenches.

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